The American Dating Culture - 973 Words

How to date a brown girl (black girl, white girl, or halfie) The theme of the story to me represents a glimpse of the American dating culture. It is how young men perceive women in general. The narrator starts off talking about getting his mother to say yes to him staying at home, then begins to tell us his steps on how to get a girl. Diaz gives him the confidence and When Diaz mentions â€Å"†¦ a whole crowd will show up at your apartment†¦ it will be fun anyway and you ll wish these people would come over more often† (Diaz 20) clearly states his motives. If he does not get a physical connection with his date, in the end is all about getting the girl. Diaz focuses a little too much on the physical part of the relationship rather than the emotional part. His advice follows the same thought process. The narrator is filled with arrogance and confidence, yet sounds as if he lacks familiarity within the dating world while he goes on to speak about the different stereotypes he has about women. His language relates more to a younge r audience, and you can tell by reading the context clues of when he says â€Å"the girl won t flow over at all and the next day in school she ll say sorry† (Diaz 22). He speaks in a tone that implies not to be taken literally. I had to read the story multiple times to get a deeper meaning of what the narrator was trying to convey. This story follows common cliques about women. He leads on to inform you on what way you should act around a certain ethnicity orShow MoreRelatedEthnic Family Research Summary : Dating1219 Words   |  5 Pageshead: DATING IN VIETNAMESE AMERICAN CULTURE 1 Ethnic Family Research Summary: Dating in Vietnamese-American Culture Rachel LeMay San Diego State University CFD 335: Interactions in Culturally Diverse Families; Dr. Booth November 13, 2014 DATING IN VIET. AMER. CULTURE 2 Abstract This paper focuses on one of the prevalent aspects of the life-experience of young people in modern urban Vietnamese American culture. This includesRead MoreA Study On The Theory Of Teen Dating Abuse By Using A Phenomenological Inquiry942 Words   |  4 Pagesyouth that has experienced dating violence. To grasp the essence of their experiences I will conduct interviews with adolescent survivors of dating violence, allowing them to tell their story and explain their experiences from their personal point of view. The statements and descriptions of those experiences will define the essence of the phenomenon. (Taken from Tranell Steward Initial discussion wk 3). Problem Recent literature suggests there is little known about dating violence among youth. (BennettRead MoreCultural Perspectives On Sex And Relationships Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Perspectives Love, sex and relationships. These three aspects of life are in every culture. Although they are present in every culture, the characteristics of these three are portrayed differently between each and every society. Various cultures are influenced by the media, social norms, and traditions. The media portrays sex as if everyone is â€Å"doing it† all the time. This not only includes people who are married, but single people as well. 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I will come back to the meaning of this, but first before dating there is a phase called gokon. During this phase a group of friends get together and mingle with each other. Sometimes they can have bling group dates. In this culture the approvalRead MoreIdentity Formation and Assimilation of Ashima and Gogol in the United States1292 Words   |  6 Pagespersonality due to particular reasons such as new environment, new culture and conflicts. During the process, some characters from Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake either create or deny the bond with their own culture; some undergo conflicts among generations. Those processes reflect significantly in Ashima and Gogol throughout the book. The degree of assimilations determines to what extent the characters have formed the new identity in the new culture. 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Today the majority of persons who date are seeking the outcome of a marriage (although research does not agree with this). Eighty years ago, people dated for fun, pleasure, and recreation (Schwartz 116), and only â€Å"popular† people dated (WallerRead MoreThe World War II : A Evolutionary Change Within Societal Structure1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthey developed was challenged as soon as the men returned. American society expected everything to return to normal when the war finished, and men to return to the factories and women to return to housework. Contrary to popular belief, women took this opportunity to fight against social norms and gain the equality that they deserve. While fighting for what they believe in, feminists also unconsciously changed the accepted culture of American family life and styles of relationship. Many arguments canRead MoreRacial Relations: Dating Interratially 1085 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of dating. We all confessed who may or may not have our current attention and amongst my very diverse group of friends, one of them, a Hispanic, said she was interested in dating a white male. In response, another friend asked, â€Å"you like those white boys don’t you?†. It was a simple joke as all of my friends are open into interracial dating, but there are many people in American society who do not feel the same way. In fact, there are quite a lot of people who oppose interracial dating. This

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Urgent Care Centers

Urgent care centers, although not prominently, have been around since the early 1980s. Although the centers initially faced opposition they have now become a major part of the health care industry. Thus the influx of urgent care centers would be complemented by implementing a policy in which emergency room provider’s reimbursement is regulated and the insured’s policy refuses coverage of non-emergency conditions treated in a hospital setting. This approach will offset emergency room visits, reduce the patient’s financial liability, close the gap between primary care physicians and emergency room care, as well as advance cost containment. Although the urgent care business model has its advantages, there are several obstacles that stand in†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, in the last couple of years, urgent care centers have begun to emerge once again. Approximately two new urgent care centers open in the United States each week (Stern, 2005). The reemerg ence of the centers is due in part to the incremental growth of the variance between the scope of care of the primary care physician and that of emergency departments. Additionally, the influx of urgent care centers is due to the restoration of the primary care physician shortage. Furthermore, many hospitals and health care systems have begun to incorporate urgent care centers into their repertoire of services. Therefore, the opposition that such centers faced in the past has begun to diminish as it has been realized that the strategic alliance of hospitals and urgent care facilities is beneficial for both parties. Statement of Need/ Proposal According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a mere 9.3% of 130.4 million emergency room visits resulted in admission (CDC/ National Center for Health Statistics, 2017). Thus, the remaining 90.7% of emergency room visits behave as bottlenecks; unnecessarily obstructing the queue. 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Ap Biology Lab 1 Questions Free Essays

AP Biology Lab 1 Ross Lordo Introduction Questions 1. The solute potential would be -2. 48. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Biology Lab 1 Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the concentration inside the cell is . 15 M, then would diffusion out of the cell and into the solution of . 1 M. This is due to water potential and the tendency for water to move from areas of high water potential to low water potential. 2. The turgor pressure must be equal to the water potential if there is no net diffusion. The cell and environment have reached equilibrium and the movement of water is equal on both sides. Getting Started 1. Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. The difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is the kinetic energy is the energy of an object that is already in motion and potential energy is the energy possessed by an object at rest. Potential energy is stored energy, while kinetic energy is energy being exerted. 2. Temperature can affect the rate of diffusion. If the temperature is colder, the rate of diffusion is much slower as a result of all particles becoming closer together. If the temperature is warmer, there is much more energy present and therefore allows for the diffusion to take place at a fast rate. The distance a molecule needs to travel across the membrane can also affect the rate of diffusion. If the distance across the membrane is large, then the rate of diffusion will be much slower and vise versa. 3. A high temperature can speed up the diffusion process by providing more energy for the molecules and also for eliminating in double bonds in the phospholipid membrane. A low temperature will decline the rate of diffusion, as the particles will have less energy. The distance travelled will also affect diffusion rates. The longer the distance, the slower the diffusion is going to take place. The shorter the distance, the quicker the rate of diffusion 4. Gradients offer a pathway for molecules to go in and out of the cell. Many molecules are to big to fit through the semipermeable phospholipid membrane and these gradients allow these large molecules to be able to cross through the cell. 5. Most cells are small because diffusion can take place at a quicker rate. The convolutions allow for more space to be able to be used in order to get molecules across the membrane. These small cells allow for materials to quickly be able to reach the cell membrane and get in or out of the cell, without having to make a long journey from an inside part of the cell. . Water will move out of the cell. The high water potential means there is little solute in the cell and more in the outside environment. In order to balance these concentrations, water moves out of the cell and creates equilibrium with the environment. 7. If saltwater is applied to a plant, the plant would shrivel up and die. This is a result of the water moving out of the cells in order to try to balance the concentration of solute compared to inside the c ell. The water movement out of the cell would cause the cell to shrink and the lack of water would eventually cause the plant to die. 8. A plant can control its turgor pressure through its central vacuole and cell wall. If a great amount of water is inside the cell, the central vacuole will take in some of the water to take some of the pressure of the cell wall. The cell wall can also eliminate water from making its way into the cell. The would cause the cell to keep expanding, but slowly eliminate its excess water. How to cite Ap Biology Lab 1 Questions, Essay examples

Countering Global Terrorism and Insurgency Pledges

Question: Discuss about the Countering Global Terrorism and Insurgency Pledges. Answer: Introduction: Terrorism has always been indiscriminate and has been considered as a way to create terror and fear among people. In the view point of Chomsky, (2015), terrorism activities are carried on by the terrorists in order to achieve some sort of political, religious and even ideological goals. It is the fourth generation warfare and has been creating violence in the society (David, Asuelime Onapajo, 2015). The major aim of the terrorist activities is to symbolize human fear and help achieve certain goals that would not otherwise be acceptable by the government or other ruling bodies. However, there still remain the question that is the terrorism effective and does it is a means for achieving certain objectives in life to the ones who practice this kinds of activities called terrorism. The aim of this essay is to shed light on the various perspectives of terrorism and to determine the facts that are considered to be effective for those who practice terrorism. Thus, a detailed analysis of th e various reasons responsible for terrorism shall be discussed in this essay. Perspectives of both the practitioners and the one who gets affected due to the terrorism activity shall be discussed in this essay. The arguments shall be supported by a number of examples that would increase the credibility of the essay. It has to be understood that a broad range of political organizations have been found to practice terrorism to achieve their objectives in life. These groups are right and left wings of political organizations, the religious groups, any nationalist groups or even the ruling government itself (Marchal, 2013). It can be said that terrorism is effective particularly against the democrats because the electorates are typically sensitive towards the aftermaths of the terrorism activities. Terrorism results in huge number of casualties that ultimately results to induce the leaders to grant concessions to terrorist factions. There have been many situations when the victims have been targeted because of the increased domination of the leaders (Ingram, 2015). The situations of political assassination and campaign against the wars raged by the powerful political parties have been the reasons behind the increased terrorist activities in the recent time. However, if the authoritarian regime is co nsidered, the situation is somewhat different from that of the democrats. The authoritarian regime in contrast is more responsive only to the ruling elite class (Carlton Schaerf, 2015). Thus, there remain lesser chances to accede to the terrorist demand in response to the civilian causalities. In the view point of White, (2016), terrorism was originally referred to the acts that were committed by the government, but recently, terrorism referred to the innocent killing and the demolishing of the resources of the particular nation. Terrorism has been a topic of interest for all the governmental bodies and the union groups. For example, the United Nations has described terrorism to be the intended cause behind the serious loss of lives and responding to any moderate or modern warfare that hinders the government from any kind of act that might result in serious demolition of life and property (Al-Dahash, Kulatunga Amaratunga, 2014). Any act of terrorism is a performance that is devised to affect large group of people. It has also been evident that terrorism attacks the national symbols to create greater domination on the particular society. This eventually shaken the foundation of the country and create a negative effect on the government aiming at increasing the prestige of the particular terrorist group. There is no doubt that terrorism indeed has certain political purpose combined with religious issues as well. In addition to this, it has also been evident that the terrorism activity is also accompanied with spiritual activities as well (Combs, 2015). There is no doubt that the terrorists have been successful in achieving its goals of creating fear among the people and has also resulted in the deaths of thousands of innocent people. Often claims are made towards the fact that terrorism is effective and the strategies intended are to achieve some sort of political objectives. Even in the todays political and judicial scenario, there is no such claim that would signify the real definition of terrorism. It can be both a state and a non-state affair that might result in the creation of certain disastrous situations for the people who becomes victimized due to the increasing influence of these activities. In the view point of Cohen, S. (2016), terrorism is often gets motivated from the political point of consideration as well. It has been evident in many cases that the terrorists get enough support from the state where it operates. In such cases, the distinction between the civilian and the non-civilians often gets confused. The soldiers can act both as a support for the country and at the same time might create terror in the country where it creates its domination. If the situation of the most evident terrorist acti vity of all times, the attack of the 9/11 is considered, that has occupied the headlines of the leading newspaper dailies for a time of more than three months, it has to be said that the soldiers of the country had significant role to play in the terrorist activity (Underhill, 2014). The true motive of the terrorism in this act was estimated to create fear among the people of the nation but at the same it comprises of a support system of the military that cannot be simply separated out from the gauge. The impact of the terrorist attack created sadism but at the same time it created the hype that the attack was intended towards a profit motive that was shrouded in the political claim. In many situations when the terrorists are done with the activities, they are said to have been won in their own way and has been successfully created fear and terror among the people of the nation. Thus, the effectiveness of terrorism can be easily assumed and they have gained victory and have achieved provocation as a result of their activity (Eadie, 2016). If the similar situation is intend to end, the effectiveness of terrorism takes a different turn within its meaning. The terrorists are found to completely utilized the resources and the members related to the activities of the terrorism and thus gain support to keep going on their way. Thus, to certain extent the political objectives can be considered to get fulfilled as a means of utilizing terrorism effectively. The terrorist organizations certain terms and conditions to be fulfilled that would eventually aim at achieving the political objectives of the particular state. If the Iraqi war of independence is taken under consideration, it has been evident that in 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and began an eight year long occupation in the country. This automatically led to the situation of de-establishing the Middle East and ultimately resulted in the loss of thousands of lives along with huge amount of money (Gordon, 2003). From the Marxist point of consideration, it can be said that the US invasion of Iraq was the result of the increasing aggressive capitalist expansionism for the purpose of securing threatened oil for the future production. The invasion was explained by the hegemonic control of the social norms and construction. Overall the Marxist interpretation has an interesting interpretation over the terrorism activities. For instance the Iraq war of 2003, lead to the coalition invasion to overthrow Saddam Husain (Murray Scales, 2003). There was a continuous fault line of sectarian and ethnic tensions but Saddam has always made it a poin t that no Western country would endorse any kind of interference in their warfare. Special operation forces were ideally suited to conduct certain sorts of counterterrorism because of their intense training and the specialized equipments available to them. The conventional army units were not able to carry out any kind counter terrorism due to their organizational structure and the broad set of mission (Gordon, 2003). It was due to this reason, the US Army Special Forces in Iraq were allowed to create Iraqi counterterrorism force model after the United States own special operation Forces. It is believed that the reason held behind the Iraq war has resulted in fearing the Islamic Revolution at the Iran war. Although the Iraqi government was dominated by the Sunni Muslim during the Iraq war, Saddam feared that Iran was dominated by the Shitte Muslim and thus, there remained the chances of internal conflict as well. However, the Iraqi war was a major operation to attain freedom for Iraq (Murray Scales, 2003). The forces gained rapid conventional military victory but the terrorist power of the guerrilla group continued over the troops of the UK and US army. The increased rate of deaths and mortality resulted in huge destruction of lives. The American troops were also killed. Although the Iraq army stood beside their people and fought against the oppression of the US army, it was considered that the US army had been morally correct (Gordon, 2003). Thus, moral challenges and ethical dilemma persisted in their action. If the Just war theory is taken into consideration, it h as to been stated that if the reason behind the war is justified, the country responsible for the warfare can be considered and their decision towards the war can be justified. Therefore, the war waged against Iraq can be justified because the aim was to create harmony among the states. However, the mass destruction of people and property can never be justified. In 2013, Bill Durodie shared his experience on terrorism activities and how the terrorists are involved in the terrorism (Thomas, 2014). America has been at constant war with the transnational movement fueled with the radical ideology of hatred, oppression and murder. The country has been undertaking a number of national Strategies to combat against the increasing terrorism. The aim of the country is to eradicate the increasing terrorism activity and reach out a situation where the world would be a better place for all. It was evident that Iraq had connections with major terrorist groups that can be a serious situation for the whole world to combat against the increasing oppression and terror situation that was persisting in the world (Gordon, 2003). There had to be some ways of getting over these situation and bring out solution to stop the war. For such reasons, the interference of US in the Iraq war can be considered fair enough. With the detailed analysis, it can be easily interpret that terrorism has two faces; one that has left the world threatened and the other where the people practicing terrorism has been striving for their own rights and authorities. There is no dilemma that there remain political reasons behind the terrorism activities occurring in different regions of the world. It is only when the activist groups are declined of their basic rights they undertake other ways of asking the same from the government. Eventually, the situation takes a negative turn and results in war. The war ultimately caused huge loss of lives and money. As it has been evident that during the Bush administration, the situation got worse and the world had to witness certain things that were unpredictable but caused huge distress in the country. In the recent time, terrorism has also taken turn in the name of religion as well. Terrorist groups like ISIS have been killing people in the name of religion and created a new kind of terror in the society. The terrorist activities affect lives throughout the globe and it results in huge loss. Although several measures are taken to combat against these situations, the world still remains in an unrest situation. The role of the governmental organizations cannot be denied. Several attempts have been made to combat these issues. However, with the degrading situation of the world, World War III has also been predicted. The situation might get even worse if proper precautionary actions are not undertaken. It shall be the responsibility of the major developed countries to take necessary steps against the increasing terrorism activities. References: Al-Dahash, H., Kulatunga, U., Amaratunga, D. (2014). Evaluation of the system of disaster management resulting from war operations and terrorism in Iraq.Procedia Economics and Finance,18, 900-907. Carlton, D., Schaerf, C. (Eds.). (2015).International terrorism and world security(Vol. 3). Routledge. Chomsky, N. (2015).Culture of Terrorism. Haymarket Books. Cohen, S. (2016).Democracies at war against terrorism: a comparative perspective. Springer. Combs, C. C. (2015).Terrorism in the twenty-first century. Routledge. David, O. J., Asuelime, L. E., Onapajo, H. (2015). Conclusion: Responses and Recommendations to End Boko Haram Terrorism. InBoko Haram(pp. 103-114). Springer International Publishing. Eadie, P. (2016). Counter?terrorism, Smart Power and the United States.Global Policy,7(3), 323-331. English, R. (2015). Countering twenty-first century terrorism.Political Insight,6(3), 22-25. Gordon, D. (2003). The Cost, Consequences and Morality of War in Iraq1.Age,18(24), 16. Gordon, D. (2003). Iraq, War and Morality.Economic and Political Weekly, 1117-1120. Ingram, H. J. (2015). The strategic logic of Islamic State information operations.Australian Journal of International Affairs,69(6), 729-752. Marchal, R. (2013). Military (mis) adventures in Mali.African Affairs, adt038. Murray, W., Scales, R. H. (2003).The Iraq War. Harvard University Press. 43 Rudaw.net (2017) Iraqi army announces liberation of new west Mosul neighbourhood Retrieved from https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/220420172 [Accessed on: 23-4-2017] Thomas, J., (2014) Actually, sometimes terrorism does work Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/04/22/actually-sometimes-terrorism-does-work/?utm_term=.03fef5832697 [Accessed on: 23-4-2017] Un.org (2016) In Baghdad, UN chief Guterres pledges solidarity with Iraqi government and people Retrieved from https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56465#.WPzebkWGPIU [Accessed on: 23-4-2017] Underhill, N. (2014).Countering global terrorism and insurgency: calculating the risk of state failure in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq. Springer. White, J. R. (2016).Terrorism and homeland security. Cengage Learning.

Murder In The Cathedral Essays - Murder In The Cathedral, Literature

Murder In The Cathedral Murder in the Cathedral I believe the conflict and change within the main character, Thomas Beckett, was very drastic. Thomas went from running away from his problems, to facing them and ultimate killing himself because of it. At the beginning of the play Thomas was running away from people that wanted to kill him or hurt him, because of his belief that the king didn't have power over the church. Throughout the play, Thomas questioned himself on why he was doing what he was doing, and in the end he decided that if death was coming he couldn't cheat it. I admire Thomas on how made his final decision based on what he truly believed. Thomas's final decision, was what he believed in. I think that if he was content with his decision and if he felt that it was the best choice, than I am happy for him and don't disagree that he should have waited for the knights to calm down. I think that the personification of the Tempters helped a great deal in the play. I feel that the tempters helped the reader understand why Thomas did what he did and they also helped the reader understand and put Thomas thoughts in order of importance to him. I liked it how they described how Thomas could have so much and be happy if he would just go along with the king, instead of against him. I feel that without the tempters, the play wouldn't have shown the reader the reason behind Thomas's decisions. I feel that the significance of the Christmas Sermon was to tell the people that he would probably be leaving them and it would be his last sermon. Thomas talked about how a martyr is a special thing and that only special people that will remembered forever receive that great honor. To me, it seemed as though he thought maybe he would be a martyr or that he might not because of his reasons behind the decisions he made, either way he wanted the people to remember him. I think that the reason why the playwright chose not to have the king appear, is because there was no real need for him. The kings thoughts and decisions were well spoken by other people that relayed messages for the king. Whatever the king wanted said or done, he could and would have others do it for him. I don't think that it would be believable for the king to visit Thomas, either. I think that a king wouldn't be dumb enough to go out among people that loved Thomas and confront him. I think that the chorus was very important, because they predicted the future. Like at the beginning, when they said someone will die and that the people did fine without Thomas. Also, toward the end of the play, they also foresee Thomas's death in the cathedral. Without the chorus, I think things would definitely have come as a shock to the reader and there would have been more to question. Overall, the chorus did help set some scenes up, but I think the play may have been more interesting without them. I think the reason for the knights explanation was very simple, to protect themselves and to help the reader understand that it was not necessarily a good thing they did even if it was their job. I also feel that they did it to explain that it was, in some ways, good for the people also. His death would bring everything divided together, because there would not be anyone against the kings plan. The knights also explained to the people that Thomas had a chance for a good life and harmony, but he through it away. They tell the people that Thomas is the one that messed with the harmony and changed things for the worse. Overall, I liked the play, but as I said earlier, it was to predictable and they almost told you what was going to happen before it did. I liked it how Thomas stuck to his beliefs and based his decisions on what he thought was right, no matter what happened. Finally, I also liked it, because it showed me why church and state should be separated. It put it into perspective and proved that it isn't a good idea. I think this story should be used as an example in history classes when discussing the separation of

Free Essays on Social Security Reform

Social Security Reform In today’s society there is a problem that has been progressing worse as the days go bye. This problem is social security. There are many possible approaches that can be concluded, the two main ideas are either getting rid of Social Security also known as â€Å"privatization†, or merely cutting back on it. I recently read in article by Jeff Nygaard who is a free lance writer and activist in Minneapolis, and the founder of the social security project of Minnesota. His points are clearly stated throughout this short paper on Social Security Reform. Social security is a program in the Unites States that pays cash benefits to workers and the families of those workers, who suffered loss of wages from death, disability or retirement. Savings and pension are two other ways of retirement that are supposed to be used with social security, however people often rely on social security to take care of all of there expenses. 537 dollars a month is the average benefit for a low wage retiree, which is clearly not enough money to live comfortably with. Another sad fact is that social security leaves one out of every nine persons poor. Another reason why social security doesn’t work is because the U.S lacks a national system of universal health care and maternity leave, whereas many other wealthy countries such as Sweden do. One of the new proposals is called â€Å"privatization†, which is getting rid of social security in a whole, and instead setting up Personal Security Accounts, wherein each worker would put money aside for retirement in stocks. Each person would be using just as much money as they usually pay for their social security taxes and possibly more money. The bad news about privatization is that the ones who would suffer the most would be the poor and working class people. Another more liberal approach to social security reform is cutting back on the current system, which would include raising th... Free Essays on Social Security Reform Free Essays on Social Security Reform Social Security Reform In today’s society there is a problem that has been progressing worse as the days go bye. This problem is social security. There are many possible approaches that can be concluded, the two main ideas are either getting rid of Social Security also known as â€Å"privatization†, or merely cutting back on it. I recently read in article by Jeff Nygaard who is a free lance writer and activist in Minneapolis, and the founder of the social security project of Minnesota. His points are clearly stated throughout this short paper on Social Security Reform. Social security is a program in the Unites States that pays cash benefits to workers and the families of those workers, who suffered loss of wages from death, disability or retirement. Savings and pension are two other ways of retirement that are supposed to be used with social security, however people often rely on social security to take care of all of there expenses. 537 dollars a month is the average benefit for a low wage retiree, which is clearly not enough money to live comfortably with. Another sad fact is that social security leaves one out of every nine persons poor. Another reason why social security doesn’t work is because the U.S lacks a national system of universal health care and maternity leave, whereas many other wealthy countries such as Sweden do. One of the new proposals is called â€Å"privatization†, which is getting rid of social security in a whole, and instead setting up Personal Security Accounts, wherein each worker would put money aside for retirement in stocks. Each person would be using just as much money as they usually pay for their social security taxes and possibly more money. The bad news about privatization is that the ones who would suffer the most would be the poor and working class people. Another more liberal approach to social security reform is cutting back on the current system, which would include raising th...

Relationship of the Sexes in Greys Anatomy Essay

Relationship of the Sexes in Greys Anatomy - Essay Example The argument shall be based on an individualized character description of the characters from the show and then segue into a discussion of Season 6, episode 15 a.k.a Timewarp. This episode is the one that set the tone for the mother of Meredith Grey to become one of the most admired surgeons at Seattle Grace. The discussion shall conclude with a look at how sexism still exists in the modern medical workplace as evidenced by scenes from the show. There have been many instances on the show when women were portrayed in a sexist manner. Take for example the episode in the first season when Dr. Isobel Stevens (played by Katherine Heigl) was treated as a sex object and disrespected by the other male interns on the floor because she used to do sexy modeling assignments in order to help pay off her medical school expenses. She did not take the disrespect sitting down at the time. Instead, she chose to force the men to respect her by giving them more than they expected to see herself in the l ocker room. Thus shaming them into thinking about how they were treating her and in the end, getting an apology from those who disrespected her the most. Then we have Cristina Yang (played by Sandra Oh), the overachieving cardio-thoracic surgeon who tends to get on everyone's nerves because of her by-the-book attitude. Since she always held herself in a manner higher than the other interns, and then residents in Seattle Grace, she was able to gain their respect and then the respect of her superiors such as Derek Shepherd who saw and treated her as an equal both in and out of the operating room. Dr. Yang gained their respect and high regard by proving herself where it mattered the most, in action in the operating room. Dr. Bailey, also known as The Nazi lead the team of then medical misfits as their resident advisers. Her job was to whip them into shape in order to make them respectable and noteworthy additions to the field of medicine that they may have chosen to specialize in. She was not exactly respected by her peers in the sense of the word. In fact, the respect for her person and position was born mostly out of fear for these people because she has a tendency to be tactless and straightforward in order to get her way. That is perhaps, the only way she knows to gain the respect of her colleagues in a profession that is mostly dominated by men. Of all of the interns and now medical doctors on the show, however, none of them carried the same kind of responsibility and unfair expectations of her peers than Dr. Meredith Grey whose mother, Ellis Grey, was considered to be one of the foremost surgeons at Seattle Grace during her tenure at the hospital. Meredith chose to follow in her mother's footsteps because of the influence that her strong-willed mother had on her existence as a child. But that is perhaps also the reason why Meredith found herself lost during the first few seasons of the show. She was the most uncertain and self-doubting doctor in the hospita l because she felt that they all expected too much from her.  

Spam (Computing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spam (Computing) - Essay Example Proponents of permission-based emails argue that the receiver can simply hit the delete button or use an opt-out option listed in the electronic advertisement if they do not want to view the email. (Godin, 1999, pg. 43). Opponents charge anything that arrives in the inbox that the recipient didn’t request is spam and that just because a purchase is made doesn’t give that company the right to inundate them with junk mail. The debate is joined whether this tactic serves to generate trade or to drive potential customers away. Spam is considered not only intrusive but is generally viewed as a scheme of some kind. Those that don’t differentiate between the two are driven away from these emails thus questioning their effectiveness. The question then becomes are permission based emails an unwanted and ineffective or a necessary and reasonable method of advertising? Argument Spammers have long attempted to justify their intrusive form of advertising. So-called permission -based marketing is just another example of spam. According to their logic, if a person forgets to check a button at the end of an online order form requesting no further correspondence, this constitutes permission. If a lawn care or maintenance man had access to your property does that give implied permission to sell you Viagra? When a service or product is purchased on the Internet, does this give implied permission for the company to suggest sell on a daily basis via your email account? If a consumer is required to type in an email address to visit the site or bought a related product from another company that, in turn, sold their email lists, this is all considered permission to inundate an email box with spam. An opt-in list can be purchased, on the Internet, of course, thus making even a respectable company’s permission list suspect. Many companies, including utility and service companies assume that an individual has granted spam permission if they have used a product or service of that company. These emails typically announce that this email is not spam; you have opted to receive this information. It goes on to espouse the company’s spam policy and that it’s policy prohibits spam of any kind. There seems to be a perception chasm between marketers and the consumer. (Dean, 2003). If the old adage ‘time is money’ is correct, then stolen time is stolen money. The theft of a few seconds will not cause a person to lose their livelihood but that is similar to saying stealing one item from a chain store won’t bankrupt the company. Wrong on a small scale is still wrong. Spammers may argue that junk mail does not have the same effect as stealing because there is an opt-out option choice on the email, but the time spent reading, following the link and then the steps necessary to stop the spam is time lost. Multiply that 30 seconds of effort by 100’s of spam emails and that is significant money stolen from an individ ual and/or their employer. (Rhode, 2003). Adopting Opt-in anti-spam email rules worldwide would limit spam messages, perceived or otherwise, as the consumer would have to make a deliberate choice to receive company generated email. The Opt-out option addresses the spam issue only after the unwanted message was sent. The loss of time and irritation to

Implications of Economic crisis on Greece economic Essay

Implications of Economic crisis on Greece economic - Essay Example Advancement in globalization can also be as a result of the advancement of internet. Business globalization can be termed as the idea of business organizations moving beyond their domestic markets to other markets in other countries. This paper aims at discussing globalization and how it affects the management of contemporary businesses. Globalization of businesses avails foreign goods in local markets. For instance, a person in South America can be sitting in their office sipping Italian wine while typing on a Chinese keyboard. This does not necessarily mean that this person had to travel all the way to Italy and China to seek such products. This is good for consumers of such products worldwide. For the business this will be good because with their goods being sold all over the world, they will not have to rely on the local markets (Etemad & Wright 2003, p. 89). With international markets, businesses will be able improve the diversity of their products to match the various needs and wants of different types of potential customers. This difference is always as a result of geographical, political, cultural, and economic differences of various people in the world. Globalization cannot be termed as a new concept. It is a concept that has been in business for centuries. However, it is only in the 21st century that globalization has become a common concept in business and business management. When business organizations exhaust the local markets they always find a way of stretching their territories into the international markets. At a point like this there are always many challenges that are always involved. However, as a business manager it is always good to take such challenges because they are always accompanied by best result. Globalization also leads to exchange of technologies. Businesses firms that have an international orientation always use new technologies to exploit new business opportunities. For instance, e-commerce and

Prevalence of H. pylori Isolates and Genotypes and CagA Gene

Prevalence of H. pylori Isolates and Genotypes and CagA Gene 1. Introduction The best-known gastric Helicobacter species is Helicobacter pylori which is a slightly curved, microaerophilic Gram-negative. This microorganism has established a niche in the stomach of more than half of the world’s human population and become a dominant species of the human gastric microbiome. H. pylori colonization causes persistent inflammatory responses.H. pylori-induced gastritis is the strongest singular risk factor for cancers of the stomach however only a small proportion of infected individuals proceed to the development of malignancy. It is still unknown what factors are responsible for the different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) to gastric cancer (GC). The changes in the epidemiology of these different demonstration of H. pylori infection suggest an environmental factor, an interaction between environmental factor and the host, or a change in prevalence of strains differing in virulence H. pylori has two phenotypic charact eristics among strains are the vacuolating cytotoxin (vac) and cytotoxic associated gene A (vacA) protein which encoded by the and cagA genes respectively. cagA and genes are considered as candidates for the identification of strains with enhanced virulence. For instance, gastric mucosa from patients infected with cagApositive H. pylori strains which containing a 40-kb cag pathogenicity island (which includes cagA gene) typically exhibits more severe inflammation than that of gastric mucosa infected with cagA-negative strains (Jafari et al., 2008). Despite the gene is present in most H. pylori, but the product may not be expressed in all cases. They have important attempt to described and classify distinction in the gene and to associate specific genotypes with different H. pylori-associated diseases The protein contains three distinct segments that exhibit variation within the amino-terminus. These areas of variation are broadly defined as the signal (s), intermediate (i), and midd le (m) regions. Two primary variants have been described for signal region (s1 or s2) and middle region (m1 or m2) while three variants has been reported for intermediate region (i1, i2, or i3) (Jones et al., 2010). The m region affects host cell tropism of toxins. Encoding the m1 region are toxic to a broader range of host cells compared to that of m2 region. The i region which determine the vacuolating capabilities is positioned between the s and m region and is the most recent region to be described. The i1 variants of have been shown to have stronger vacuolating activity than i2 variants (Jones et al., 2011). Atherton et al. (1995) reported three of the four possible subtypes with the exeption of s2-m1 variant. The presence of the s2-m1 variant was later reported but with very rare prevalence (0 to 3%). Despite variants have been described, but is still remains unclear whether the genotypes are useful markers for the prediction of clinical outcomes. Initial reports indicated tha t the s1 and i2 genotype would be found in close association with clinical outcomes in Western countries (Jafari et al., 2008); however the prevalence of this genotype was extremely high (almost 100%) in East Asian countries irrespective of the clinical outcomes (Jafari et al., 2008). The prevalence of H. pylori infection is about 50% of the world’s population and has been reported to be 40 to 60% in Malaysian (Goh et al., 2009). The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of H. pylori isolates in patients with a full spectrum of clinical demonstration of H. pylori infection to evaluate whether the assumed associations with genotypes and cagA gene would be applicable to patients with H. pylori infection in Malaysian populations. 2. Material and methods Isolation and culture of H. pylori Gastric biopsies were obtained from each patient by using endoscopy. Each specimen was placed in a transport medium and sent to the laboratory immediately. The specimens were then incubated onto chocolate (selective/non-selective) agar containing 10% sheep blood for 3 days at 37 ºC under microaerobic conditions (10% CO2, 5% O2, 85% N2). All H. pylori strains were positive for urease, oxidase, catalase and were identified by Gram staining under light microscopy. Colonies directly harvested from the plates were used for DNA extraction. Endoscopic findings were also recorded and based on the information patients were divided into two groups. Group I patients had duodenal or gastric ulcer (Peptic Ulcer Disease, PUD) and group II patients had Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD). Population studied A total of 209 gastric biopsies were collected from patients presenting with symptoms of gastroduodenal diseases during July 2011 to August 2012 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Four biopsy specimens were taken from the greater curve of the antrum, body, cardia and Esophagous, one was used for histological examination and one for H. pylori culture. Genomic DNA extraction Bacteria from both the 10 single colonies and the sweeps were resuspended in 1.2 ml Elution buffer (EB). Bacterial pellets were obtained by centrifugation at 5,233 Ãâ€"gfor 5 min, and genomic DNA was extracted by using a Qiagen kit. The amount of DNA was calculated by spectrophotometry. Detection of H. pylori and genotyping of 16sRNA, cag A, E, L and vac genes and EPIYA motifs by PCR In this study PCR was used to detect the H. pylori specific 16sRNA gene for confirmation of H. pylori isolates, the virulence-associated vacA mosaic structure and the presence of cag A, E, L genes. All primer sets were selected from the published literatures (Table 1). The PCR was carried out in a volume of 25  µl including100 ng of genomic DNA, 20 pmol of each of primers (Table 1), 5  µl of i-PCR 5X Master Mix (iDNA, Singapore) which contain 0.1 unit/ µl 5  µl of i-PCR 5X Master Mix (iDNA, Singapore) which contain 0.1 unit/ µl of Taq DNA Polymerase, 1 mM of dNTP’s, 10% of glycerol and 7.5 mM of MgCl2. Negative control tubes included all materials except template DNA. The sequences of the primers are listed in Table 1. PCR products were checked on 2.0% agarose gels with 100 bp ladder size markers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the EPIYA motifs was performed in separate reactions according to the method described by Argent et al. (Mitchell et al., 2009). using the common forward primer cag2 with one of three reverse primers, cagAP1C, cagAP2TA, and cagAP3E, for the amplià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation of EPIYA-A, -B, and -C and -D, respectively. Table 1. Oligonucleotide primers used for cagA/E and L, vacA alleles and EPIYA motifs

The United States Should Leave Iraq Essay -- Iraq War Terrorism Violen

The United States Should Leave Iraq The United States is in a tough situation. This country has gone to war without the UN's approval, and now has more casualties than when the war 'officially' ended. Now, the war could cost taxpayers $87 billion dollars, and more if the war drags on. The situation is at the critical point. If the Bush Administration does not leave Iraq, we will lose thousands of troops, spend billions sending more troops to Iraq, and we will lose the faith of the international community. This war will have larger repercussions than the casualties occurring every day. If the Bush Administration gets the $87 billion dollars to pay for Iraq's reconstruction it has asked for, the country's economy is not likely to recover. To add to this problem, the administration has also asked for a $400 billion dollar tax cut. That's almost $500 billion dollars being spent during an economic recession. The choice of going to Iraq may have looked sound in the administration?s short-term thinking, and the administration may have thought that there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, but the future effects of this war will be disastrous. The administration?s reasoning seemed rational at the time; but we will be paying for this war long after it is over, simply because it was so ill-conceived. The reason that the American people were given for going to war was false in the first place. In his 2003 State of the Union address, George Bush stated that, "Evidence fr...

1 Malaysia

A very good afternoon to the honor judges, Ms Linda and Ms Joane, all my friends and the fellow audience, and especially the organizer of this public speaking competition. My name is Chin Kar Mei, from DHT. Well! This is my pleasure for having a chance to present my speech at this stage. I am here seeking for your attention; my topic is about ? ExcellentCulture in Malaysia.? Hopefully all of you will enjoy for it. Ladies and gentlemen: First and foremost, our 6th Prime Minister, Dato ¶ Seri Najib Razak used to say, ?OneMalaysia should be existed today onwards?. Dato ¶ Seri continued saying that, ? This is the best solution for restructuring our society during the outbreak of a global recession?. What does it mean by One Malaysia concept? One Malaysia concept consists of 8 values. They are culture of excellence, perseverance, humility, acceptance, loyalty, meritocracy, education and the last one, integrity. All of these are prime conditions to reach 1Malaysia. This concept is neit her too hard nor too easy to be achieved.Since Malaysia is being developed, current Prime Minister espoused 1Malaysia concept and it is purposely takes into considerations the interests and aspirations of all communities in moving country forward. Ladies and gentlemen: Malaysia is a multi-racial community. For instance, Malays, Chinese, Indians, Iban, Kadazan and so on. Every Malaysian should understand and tolerate among each other in order to create a harmony place. There is a good example, understanding Islam among Muslims and non-Muslims. Non-Muslims cannot take alcoholic beverages, cannot take pork product and so forth. There is another situation, still could remember, when I was working in hotel last time. I have realized that there was several gangs in my department. They are Malays, Chinese and Indians gang. They were arguing among each other every time just because of small, little things. They were never ever tolerating among themselves. Until once upon a time, there was a severe mistake done by someone else. And because of this, warning letter will be given to everyone unless we able to find out the solution. Therefore, all the 3 gangs finally discussed together regardless the races and we really found the best solution.

Formal Diary Entry Essay Example

Formal Diary Entry Essay Example Formal Diary Entry Paper Formal Diary Entry Paper Dear diary, I was reading one of the latest teenage magazines today. I find them rather interesting and informative because they are full of very compelling articles about role models in sport and culture. In this generation. There was a very amusing article on a singer called Mile Cyrus. She is an interesting character. It is amazing to watch what happens to young celebrities, as they get older. Often, after many years in the spotlight, some celebrities appear to develop a very undesirable image. Mile was always a very good role model towards young people but now she shaves her head ND has a few too many tattoos. : There was also a very enlightening article on Ian Thorpe. Ian Thorpe is a fantastic swimmer and I admire him greatly. I was amazed to read that he is 192 centimeters tall with an incredible arm span. No wonder he was such a good swimmer! He used to have depression when he was younger man. Its quite astonishing to see that he broke 22 world records during his very successful career while battling depression. Ian has been treated for depression since he was a teenager. He was quite embarrassed about his condition so he kept it a secret, even from his parents. He also had a very minor alcohol problem. Before his first race at the Athens Olympic Games in 2004, he was very unhappy and drank a lot of alcohol to make himself feel better. He has also suffered from suicidal thoughts and didnt believe that he could ever recover. It wasnt until several years after his retirement that his mental health improved. Over the years, Ian Thorpe has been a very successful swimmer. He won multiple Olympic medals and won many awards such as the 2002 World Swimmer of the Year. When he was only fourteen years old, he was selected to represent Australia in he 400-meter freestyle. This made him the youngest male to ever represent Australia! He is traveled around the world during his career and has been to many places such as London, Tokyo, Paris and New York! A high profile coach quoted that he was the greatest swimmer the world has ever seen. He is also sponsored by Aids, Santa, Tellers and Seven Network. It was would be quite breathtaking to see your face on billboards and front covers of magazines all over the world. In 2007, he qualified for the World Championships selection trials, but unfortunately e had to withdraw from the competition because he had bronchitis. He then had glandular fever and afterwards he broke his wrist, which was unfortunate because he was hoping to return to the Commonwealth Games after his retirement. No wonder he was finding life so difficult. During all this, he then had to put up with the media asking questions about his sexuality and whether he was homosexual or not. I find it incredible that people can be so intrusive when it comes to celebritys private lives. That someday I will be as good as him. Until tomorrow diary, Maggie

Medicine in Ancient Egypt Essays

Medicine in Ancient Egypt Essays Medicine in Ancient Egypt Paper Medicine in Ancient Egypt Paper Essay Topic: Burial Rites Love Medicine People sometimes say that the ancient Egyptian civilization endured without much change for more than three thousand years. This is only partially true because, in fact, Egyptian ways of life, philosophy, religion, language, and art changed considerably over time. However, the ancient Egyptian culture retained its identity and general character to a remarkable degree over the course of its history: a situation due in part to Egypt’s favorable and secure location. Essentially a river oasis, the country was bordered by deserts to the west and east, by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and by the first cataract of the Nile at Aswan in the south. Situated in the northeastern corner of Africa, Egypt was a center for trade routes to and from western Asia, the Mediterranean, and central Africa. Ancient Egyptian medicine is the medicine that was commonly practiced in Ancient Egypt from circa 3300BC until Persian invasion of 525 BC. The medicine was highly advanced for the time and included surgery, setting of bones and extensive set of Pharmacopoeia. Remedies were sometimes characterized by magical incantations and dubious ingredients, often had a rational basis. Medical texts specified specific steps of examination, diagnosis, prognosis and treatments that were rational and appropriate. The practices of Egyptian physicians ranged from embalming, to faith healing to surgery, and autopsy. There was no separation of Physician, Priest and Magician in Egypt. Healing was an art that was addressed on many levels during ancient Egyptian period Modern medicine owes much to the Ancient Egyptians. Historians divide the history of Ancient Egypt ancient Egypt into: Prehistory (up to ca. 3100 B. C. ), the Archaic Period (ca. 3100- 2650 B. C. ) the Old Kingdom (ca. 2650-2150 B. C. ), the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2040-1640 B. C. ), the New Kingdom (ca. 1550-1070 B. C. ), the Late Period (ca. 712-332 B. C. ), and the Ptolemaic (Hellenistic) and Roman Periods (332 B. C. -A. D. 395). The main sources of information about ancient Egyptian medicine were writings from antiquity until 19th century as in Odyssey (800B. C), observations recorded by Greek historian Herodotus (440BC), writings of Pliny the Elder. The father of modern medicine Hippocrates (ca 460BC-370BC), Herophilos (ca335-280 BC) Erasistratus (ca 310 BC-250BC, who founded a school of anatomy) and Galen studied at the temple of Amenhotep and acknoledged the contribution of ancient Egyptian medicine to Greek medicine. Much of what we now know of Egyptian medicine and the work of the physicians come from a variety of medical documents written by physician-priests. These documents, known as papyrus are the first known records of medical practice. The various papyrus documents that have been recovered and translated show us that the Egyptians had developed an understanding of medicine. The evidence provided by these early medical training manuals is quite remarkable. They show quite clearly that the Egyptians had identified and developed cures for a wide range of diseases, many of which cures are still in use today. Such was the extent of Egyptian knowledge that there are records of over 800 medical procedures and remedies making use of over 600 drugs and a vast array of surgical tools. A few papyri have survived, from which we can learn about Egyptian medicine: The Edwin Smith Papyrus describing surgical diagnosis and treatments: opens with eight texts concerning head wounds, followed by nineteen treatments of wounds to the face, six descriptions of how to deal with injuries to throat and neck, five dealing with collar-bones and Ancient Egypt arms, and seven with chest complaints. Some important notions concerning the nervous system originated with the Egyptians, a word for brain is used here for the first time in any written language: â€Å"the membrane enveloping his brain, so that it breaks open his fluid in the interior of his head† (The Edwin Smith papyrus, case6). Acting conservatively, they knew how to treat injuries to the brain without killing the patient, but on the whole their understanding of the brain and its functions was superficial: they considered thinking to be a function of the heart. Their dissection of bodies during mummification seems not to have added greatly to their knowledge of the inner workings of the human body, possibly because mummifiers and physicians did not move in the same circles. The Ebers Papyrus on ophthalmology, diseases of the digestive system, the head, the skin and specific maladies like aAa, which some think may have been a precursor of AIDS and others consider to have been a disease of the urinary tract. Kahun Gynecological Papyrus, the Berlin Medical papyrus, the London Medical Papyrus, the Hearst medical papyrus and the Demotic magical Papyrus of London and Leiden: contains a number of spells for treating physical ailments, also give extensive information about the medicine during ancient Egypt. The cause of diseases, Anatomy, Physiology and practices The human body was believed to be born in a healthy state, and could not fall ill or die except through the influence of a foreign agent. In case of wounds or intestinal worms, that agent was visible and the treatment prescribed was hence rational. As they were not aware of microbiology, internal diseases were thought to be due to an occult force attributed to evil gods, a divine punishment or magical procedures. The physician was obliged to neutralize this evil Ancient Egypt before turning into actual treatment. The use of Autopsy came through the extensive embalming practices of the Egyptians, as it was not unlikely for an embalmer to examine the body for a cause of the illness which killed it. The use of surgery also evolved from a knowledge of the basic anatomy and embalming practices of the Egyptians. From such careful observations made by the early medical practitioners of Egypt, healing practices began to center upon both the religious rituals and the lives of the ancient Egyptians. The prescription for a healthy life, which was always given by a member of the priestly caste, meant that an individual undertook the stringent and regular purification rituals, and maintained their dietary restrictions against raw fish and other animals considered unclean to eat. In addition to a purified lifestyle, it was not uncommon for the Egyptians to undergo dream analysis to find a cure or cause for illness, as well as to ask for a priest to aid them with magic, this example obviously portrays that religious magical rites and purificatory rites were intertwined in the healing process as well as in creating a proper lifestyle. The practice of medicine was fairly advanced in Ancient Egypt, with Egyptian physicians having a wide and excellent reputation. Sovereigns from foreign lands have frequently appealed to pharaohs to send them their physicians. A wall painting in a Thebean grave of the 18th dynasty (1400 BC) depicts â€Å"Nebamun†, scribe and physician of the king, receiving a Syrian prince paying him for his services in gifts. According to Herodotus, King Cyrus of Persia has requested Amasis (Ahmose II of the 26th dynasty, 560 BC) to send him the most skilful of all the Egyptian eye-doctors. Egyptian physicians recognized the heart as the source of blood vessels. They were aware that the blood vessels were hollow, having a mouth which opens to absorb medications, Ancient Egypt eliminate waste elements, distribute air and body secretions and excretions, in confusion between blood vessels and other passages, as ureters. The physiology of blood circulation was demonstrated in the Edwin Smith Papyrus, together with its relation to the heart, as well as awareness of the importance of the pulse. They also knew that blood supply runs from the heart to all organs of the body. â€Å"There are vessels in him for every part of the body†. â€Å"It speaks forth in the vessels of every body part† (Edwin Smith Papyrus) However, their inability to distinguish between blood vessels, nerves, tendons and channels has limited their full understanding of the physiology of circulation. The diseases: The common cold plagued the ancient Egyptians as it still does us today, and their remedy, the milk of a mother who has given birth to a boy, was probably as effective as anything we have got today. Insect, especially scorpion bites or snake bites, both very frequent in Egypt, were treated by magicians, as there appears to have been no specific balm or ointment used, and as we have records of many spells, written on papyri and magical charms devoted to these two occurrences. Bilharziasis (schistosomiasis) a common disease in a country flooded for months every year a common cause of anemia, female infertility, a debilitating loss of resistance to other diseases and subsequent death. The Ebers Papyrus addresses some of the symptoms of the disease and in two columns discusses treatment and prevention of bleeding in the urinal tract (haematuria). The Hearst Papyrus cites antimony disulfide as a remedy. Insect borne diseases like malaria and trachoma were endemic; plagues spread along the trade routes and a number of yadet renpet epidemics reported in Egyptian documents are thought by some to Ancient Egypt have been outbreaks of bubonic plague. Smallpox, measles, and cholera were easily propagated in the relatively densely populated Nile valley, where practically the whole population lived within a narrow strip of land. Silicosis of the lungs, the result of breathing in airborne sand particles, was a frequent cause of death, as was pneumonia. The various kinds of malignant tumors were almost as frequent then as they are nowadays in comparable age and gender groups. Eye infections are a common complaint in Africa. In ancient Egypt they were at least in part prevented by the application of bactericidal eye paint. The ingredients of some of the remedies may not have been as difficult to come by in a civilization where the brain was removed in little bits from the skull during mummification as it would be in a modern western country. ‘Prescription for the eye, to be used for all diseases which occur in this organ: Human brain, divide into its two halves, mix one half with honey, smear on the eye in the evening, dry the other half, mash, sift, smear on the eye in the morning’(Ebers Papyrus). Open wounds were often treated with honey. But sometimes lockjaw set in. When a tetanus infection was recognized, physicians knew they were powerless against this affliction. Dietary Deficiencies: A restricted diet caused or aggravated a number of ailments; some with fatal outcome . There were times when malnutrition was widespread. Growth of the population was therefore often stunted. Because of vitamin and other deficiencies, dental abrasion, and bad mouth hygiene, caries and abscesses were the lot of many. Herbal medicines: Herbs played a major part in Egyptian medicine. The plant medicines mentioned in the Ebers papyrus include opium, cannabis, myrrh, frankincense, fennel, cassia, Ancient Egypt senna, thyme, henna, juniper, aloe, linseed and castor oil. Cloves of garlic have been found in Egyptian burial sites. Egyptians thought garlic and onions aided endurance, and consumed large quantities of them. Raw garlic was routinely given to asthmatics and to those suffering with bronchial-pulmonary complaints. Coriander (C. Sativum) was considered to have cooling, stimulant, carminative and digestive properties. Cumin (Cumin cyminum) is an umbelliferous herb indigenous to Egypt. The seeds were considered to be a stimulant and effective against flatulence. Cumin powder mixed with some wheat flour as a binder and a little water was applied to relieve the pain of any aching or arthritic joints. Tape worms, the snakes in the belly, were dealt with by an infusion of pomegranate root in water, which was strained and drunk. Ulcers were treated with yeast, as were stomach ailments. Some of the medicines were made from plant materials imported from abroad. Mandrake, introduced from Canaan and grown locally since the New Kingdom, was thought to be an aphrodisiac and, mixed with alcohol, induced unconsciousness. Oil of fir, an antiseptic, originated in the Levant. The Persian henna was grown in Egypt since the Middle Kingdom, and if identical with henu mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus was used against hair loss. They treated catarrh with aloe which came from eastern Africa. Frankincense, containing tetrahydrocannabinol and used like hashish as pain killer, was imported from Punt. Animal products and minerals were used too. Honey and grease formed part of many wound treatments, mothers milk was occasionally given against viral diseases like the common cold, fresh meat laid on open wounds and sprains, and animal dung was thought to be effective at times. Malachite used as an eye-liner also had therapeutic value. In a country where eye Ancient Egypt infections were endemic, the effects of its germicidal qualities were appreciated even if the reasons for its effectiveness were not understood. Pregnancy and childbirth: Fertility was important to the Egyptians and the Kahun Gynecological Papyrus includes a number of tests for it. At the same time there seems to have existed the need for planning pregnancies. Silphium grown in Cyrene was famous for many medical qualities, including its contraceptive properties. They also devised the first known pregnancy test: Means for knowing if a woman will give birth or will not give birth: (Put) some barley and some wheat (into two bags of cloth) which the woman will moisten with her urine every day, equally barley and grain in the two bags. If both the barley and the wheat sprout she will give birth. If (only) the barley germinates it will be a boy, if it is the wheat which alone germinates it will be a girl. If neither germinates she will not give birth (Berlin papyrus 3. 038) The Ebers papyrus mentions two remedies which cause all to come out which is in the stomach of a woman, possibly referring to inducing a miscarriage. Birth itself was dangerous both to the mother and the baby. Infant mortality was high, probably around 30 percent, and complications and child bed fever killed many women. Surgery: At Saqqara there is the tomb of Ankh-Mahor, known as The Tomb of the Physician. In one of the wall pictures two men are having their extremities treated variously explained as manicure, massage or surgery. Another picture shows the performance of a circumcision of adolescents (the only instance of a depiction of this procedure) with the hieroglyphs saying The ointment is used to make it acceptable, which has been interpreted as meaning that a local Ancient Egypt anesthetic was being used, though this reading is, as happens often in such inscriptions, doubtful. Poppies are occasionally mentioned in Egyptian medical literature and the physicians had a pretty good idea of their properties. Boys destined for priesthood were circumcised as part of the initial ritual cleansing, which also included the shaving of the whole body. The practice of circumcision became more universal during the Late Period, perhaps as part of a rite of passage. Prostheses and cosmetics: Prostheses were generally of a cosmetic character, such as an artificial toe made of cartonnage at the British Museum, or added as a preparation for afterlife such as a forearm on a mummy in Arlington Museum (England) and an artificial penis and feet on another mummy in the Manchester Museum . Wooden big toe prosthesis has also been found in a fifty to sixty year old woman, after her big toe had been amputated, possibly because of gangrene. A glass eye with a white eyeball and a black pupil, but lacking an iris, was probably inserted into the empty eye socket of a mummy rather than used by a living person. Physicians performed other cosmetic tasks as well. Apart from prescribing lotions, salves and unguents for skin care, they also produced remedies against the loss of hair and graying, which was combated by an ointment made with blood from the horn of a black bull. Hair loss was hoped to be stopped by a mixture of honey and fats from crocodiles, lions, hippos, cats, snakes, and ibex. Dentistry: As their diet included much abrasive material (sand and small stone particles from grinding the corn) the teeth of the ancient Egyptians were generally in a very poor state. Caries and the destruction of the enamel caused the loss of teeth at an early age and often killed as well. Caries were sometimes treated by fillings made of resin and chrysocolla, a greenish mineral containing copper. Swollen gums were treated with a concoction of cumin, incense and Ancient Egypt onion. Opium might be given against severe pain. At times holes were drilled into the jawbone in order to drain abscesses. But extraction of teeth, which might have saved the lives of many a patient, was rarely if ever practiced. The profession of dental physician seems to have existed since the early third millennium: Hesi-re is the first known Doctor of the Tooth. Physicians: The ancient Egyptian word for doctor is swnw. Hesi-re was the earliest recorded physician and the lady Peseshet (2400BC) may be the first recorded female doctor. Most famous of the Egyptian physicians is Imhotep, who is also renowned for his role as a Pyramid designer. Imhotep used a variety of methods to heal patients but based much of their practice upon religious belief. It was common for different priests to act as physicians for different parts of the body, in much the same way that doctors specialize now, as they believed that different gods governed different sectors of the human body. Medical institutions were known to have established in ancient Egypt since as early as the 1st dynasty (3100- 2600BC) and by 19th dynasty (1550-1070 BC) their employees enjoyed benefits like medical insurance, pensions and sick leave and they worked 8hours a day. Magic and religion: Magic and religion were part of everyday life in ancient Egypt and Gods and demons were thought to be responsible for many illness. So often the treatments involved a supernatural element: the first attempt was an appeal to a deity. Priests and magicians were called on to treat the disease instead or in addition to a physician. Physicians often used incantations and magical ingredients as a part of the treatment and many medicines apparently lacked active ingredients. The wider spread use belief in magic and religion may have contributed to a powerful placebo effect. The impact of the magic is seen in the selection of remedies or ingredients for them. Depiction of a medical kit: 1) knives, 2) drill, 3) saw, 4) forceps or pincers, 5) censer, 6) hooks, 70 bags tied with string,(8, 10) beaked vessel, 11) vase with burning incense, 12) Horus eyes, 13) scales, 14) pot with flowers of Upper and Lowed Egypt, 15) pot on pedestal, 16) graduated cubit or papyrus scroll with out side knot ( or a case holding reed scalpels), 17) shears, 18) spoons. Conclusion: The people of Ancient Egypt made several major medical discoveries and began treating diseases in a physical manner alongside older spiritual cures. Though much of the advancement in medical knowledge and practice was a side effect of religious ceremonies the effect on public health and knowledge of the human body was tremendous. Fuelled by a desire to enter the afterlife Egyptian knowledge of the workings of the body encompassed new areas of medicine ranging from a basic understanding of anatomy to the introduction of some surgical skills. Ancient Egypt References: 1. Allen, Thomas George ;1936, Egyptian Stelae, Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series; Vol. XXIV, No. 1, Chicago 2. Breasted, J. H. (1906) Ancient Records of Egypt 3. Breasted, J. H. (1930) The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus (University of Chicago Press: University of Chicago,) 4. Brian Brown (ed. ) (1923); The Wisdom of the Egyptians. New York: Brentanos 5. Buikstra, J. E. ; Baker, B. J. ; Cook, D. C. (1993) What Disease Plagues the Ancient Egyptians? A Century of Controversy Considered, In Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt (eds. ) W,V. Davies and R. Walter (British Museum Press: London,) 6. Hurry, Jamieson, B. (1926) ; Imhotep, Oxford University Press 7. Nunn, J. F. (1996) Ancient Egyptian Medicine (University of Oklahoma Press: Norman,) 8. Sandison, A. T. ( 1980) Diseases in Ancient Egypt, in Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Cultures (eds. ) Aiden and Eve Cockburn (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 9. Sameh M. Arab, MDMEDICINE IN ANCIENT EGYPT 10. Scarre, Christopher; Fagan, M. Brian; 1997, Ancient Civilizations, Longman 11. mic. ki. se/Egypt. html 12. http://nefertiti. iwebland. com/timelines/topics/medicine. htm

Research with children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research with children - Essay Example Further, I shall attempt to gauge the difficulty level in overcoming them for the researchers involved. To evaluate these obstructions; I need to first discuss my own understanding of both cultural and institutional barriers. Cultural barriers are a result of varying (not necessarily one) culture and its reflective beliefs about children. These beliefs form major ideological notions of what being a child constitutes, what behaviors are to be expected, what are to be punished, and consequently in what manner adults should handle children. These impediments arise in researches done amongst all nations, and materialize in different child-identity arrangements. Amongst the most common ones are that children are ‘innocent’ and ‘naive’. This translates to the assumption that children are not reliable sources of knowledge. Their responses are not to be taken seriously since they lack enough knowledge to make meaningful observances. Parents play a major role in these scenarios. A number of social factors shape parents notions and expectations, and these may be challenged if children are given equal opportunities as adults to participate. For this reason, ensuring child participation means ensuring parental satisfaction (Ray, et al., 2010) Institutional barriers are those barriers in which institutions such as schools and governments place limits on child participation and hence hinder the space left for researches to explore in. Unlike cultural barriers, these are harder to overcome. Since they involve a larger number of people and usually governmental policies and laws, they need to be kept in accordance with. One such example of this is the case of ‘informed consent’. Various countries deal with this separately and allot children of certain ages of legal/illegal statuses which allow them to be independent

Iphone 5 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Iphone 5 - Term Paper Example Sales Presentation Preparation 11 A. Presentation Objectives 11 B. Business Contact Worksheet 11 C. Need Discovery Worksheet 11 D. Demonstration Worksheet 12 E. Negotiation Worksheet 12 F. Closing Worksheet 12 G. Follow Through, Follow Up and Expansion Services- List 13 VI. Appendices 13 References 14 I. Proposal Summary A. Buyer Problem or Need There is an identified need on the part of the buying organization to upgrade to a mobile infrastructure to address internal productivity needs, as well as to address the needs of customers wanting to interact with the firm using the platforms that the customers use on a daily basis (Google, 2012; Verizon Wireless, 2012; Apple, 2012; Canada, 2012; Beavis, 2012). B. User Problem’s Business Impact Productivity impacts the firm’s ability to sustain itself in the long term, and to be profitable. Customer interactions likewise drive business top lines and profits. The decision on the right mobile platform can affect the future of the business in a fundamental way (Google, 2012; Verizon Wireless, 2012; Apple, 2012; Canada, 2012; Beavis, 2012). C. Value Proposition We are selling a platform as well as an ecosystem that has global traction, unparalleled popularity and quality, and is proven to improve productivity for both firms and individuals (Google, 2012; Verizon Wireless, 2012; Apple, 2012; Canada, 2012; Beavis, 2012). II. Proposed Solution A. ... The new iPhone is also able to leverage the unparalleled ecosystem of applications, application developers, companies that cater to components and services tied to the iPhone, the app store and its providers of apps, the music store and the millions of copyrights belonging to the music industry and content creators, and even business productivity solutions all tied to the iPhone franchise (Canada, 2012; Apple Inc., 2012; Beavis, 2012). The product under consideration here, therefore, is not just the phone, but the whole ecosystem that goes with purchasing the new iPhone 5. This is not to say that the new iPhone is interchangeable with the older iPhone models, because as it is the new iPhone has features that make it stand out from the crowd, and represents the best in terms of the evolution of the device. A sampling of the outstanding new features of the phone, that sit on top of the great features of the ecosystem as described above, includes a 4-inch Retina screen, speedy wireless connectivity, new and powerful processor in the A6 processor chip. An 8 megapixel camera, a new OS in iOS 6, and the latest iteration of the cloud computing platform for Apple, the iCloud (Verizon Wireless, 2012; Apple, 2012; Canada, 2012; Beavis, 2012). B. Company Description Apple the company is in the business of the design, manufacture, and the marketing of mobile products for telecommunications and media consumption, in essence, even as it is known traditionally as a maker of computing products with its Mac line of computers. The products revolve around an ecosystem and a platform for the consumption of content, including music, books, and apps. The key

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Graduate Reflection paper 6(a,b,c,d,e,f) - Essay Example Central to a leaders continued ethical behavior is their willingness to a continue their own professional development. The process of professional development can take many forms, including online classes and/or seminars, face to face classes, seminars, workshops and more. However, professional development will also include continued reading, research and education, to make sure that he leader stays current on policies, procedures and new opportunities for client care. Professional development means that a leader hones any professional skills that are needed to keep them fresh and open to new ideas. When a leader continues their professional development, they are able to assist employees who want to develop their careers. They also bring fresh ideas to meetings and provide innovative ideas at the right time to allow the organization to grow. In my situation, my continued professional development has allowed me to make better ethical decisions about how patients and families should be treated. I work for a religious nonprofit organization that has the same values that I have so my ethical behavior is easy to articulate. Because my ethical beliefs and my religion are similar to the organizations, I can more freely make decisions about how to handle employees, patients and their families that automatically fall in line with the organizations values and religious beliefs. Professional development in an organization must start with an understanding of its goals and objectives and with the leaders understanding of the vision statement. Luc (2009) suggests that a vision statement: When comparing this information to ethical professional development, it occurred to me that the vision statement is important to the organization to set the foundation for leaders to begin their understanding of why they need to continue their professional development. The reason for this is that the vision

Drug Use in Sports Essay Example for Free

Drug Use in Sports Essay In the article William Moller blames discusses Alex Rodriguez and other athlete’s performance enhancing drug use. He compared the harsh pressure that is forced upon athletes to his own experience in high school that led him to try illegal substances. He stated â€Å"I did what I felt was needed to do, to accomplish what was demanded of me† (Moller 547). Moller later goes on to ultimately place blame on the fans by placing Rodriguez and other athletes on a pedestal, and viewing them in a god like manner by saying â€Å"What it really comes down to is that the reason Alex did steroids is you and me†(Moller 547). The writer argues that Rodriguez just wanted success wherever he went he wanted â€Å"To erase the memories of Mantle and DiMaggio and Berra† (Moller 548. ) Moller also discussed how we shouldn’t hate players who have gotten caught because the majority of the best athletes in baseball are users. â€Å"He’s just one of the gang† (Moller 551) Moller says about athletes who have gotten caught using steroids. Moller states â€Å"This game is all about getting an edge† (Moller 549) whether you’re taking illegal substances or your corking your bat everyone is trying to get the edge on their opponent. The author did not bring any outside sources or naysayers in his article that may have provided objections to his views. His article may have been more persuasive if he had maybe speculated on the negative side effects of steroid use as he did earlier in the article about his Ritalin use.

Unemployment Inflation in the U.S

Unemployment Inflation in the U.S Unemployment rate is known to be one of the most vital economic indicators to represent a particular countrys economic performance usually formulated by the Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS). While looking at United States unemployment rate, it has been ranging from 4.7 till 10.1 percent. Economists realize that unemployment is a serious problem, as it not only withdraws consumption patterns but also occurs at an opportunity cost of the goods and services that could have been produced. In addition, persistent unemployment can result in a pool of psychological and social welfare costs such as; suicides, depression, divorces etc. In order to understand how unemployment has affected the U.S economy, it is essential to know how unemployment is measured initially and what causes it. Measuring Unemployment Firstly, a monthly Employment Report is generated by the U.S government which is constituted of two surveys. The first being the Establishment Report and the second being the Current Population Survey. The Establishment Report inquires how many workers are being paid regularly from a sample of employers while the CPS, inquires a pool of 60,000 households about any of them trying to seek work or are working currently. When the result is finalized, it helps the BLS to analyse how many Americans are employed and how many are not. It is categorized into six different measures namely; When a person is out of job for 15 weeks or more. When a worker has finished a temporary job or has been sacked. Formulating official unemployment rate by evaluating the proportion of the labour force from the total unemployed. Measuring the total unemployment rate by adding up (3) and the portion of workers who have given up looking for a job (discouraged). Summing up the answers to (4) and adding a portion of workers who are interested to work but have not started looking for it. Summation of all the above results from 3-5 onwards with those workers who are keen to work full-time but cannot. Reasons of Unemployment In general economics, unemployment can be reasoned to occur for a number of economic factors. However, while generalizing it only to the U.S economy, unemployment is caused by either frictional, structural or cyclical reasons. Frictional Unemployment: Such type of unemployment is generated from the transitions in the workforce that are often caused when workers try to shift in between jobs in order to get a higher salary or because they gave shifted to a particular location. It can also be caused when employers hold back themselves from appointing of sacking workers for in economic reasons. Structural Unemployment: When a mismatch is created due to geographical, demographical or industrial reasons; structural unemployment is caused. Usually, it can be caused in areas where there is a lot of technical advancement but the workers lack the technical expertise to carry out their jobs. Such progress in technology is usually a great cost to the economy. In the U.S, the newspaper industry has faced a loss of jobs for reporters, content editors and so on as the online world has taken over the industry in the form of web-based advertising. Cyclical Unemployment: Keynesian economics states that cyclical unemployment is the effect of booms in the business cycles. Moreover, recession trends lead to lesser workers being recruited thus, rising the unemployment rate. Cyclical unemployment occurs when there is not enough demand for goods and services in the economy at large to provide jobs for everyone who wants one. Basically, it is triggered when consumers have less money at hand to spend money on commodities. This in turn causes companies to lay off their workers due to less demand. Measures to curb the unemployment rate After a specific range, the federal U.S government steps into the scene and tries to create jobs in order to avoid the unemployment rate to persist over a long period of time. The government usually does this via the monetary policy of fiscal policy approach. Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve Bank of U.S is responsible for controlling the monetary policy. The bank is an independent entity that has the key to manage the money supply within the country. Two tools are used accordingly to the economic situation. The first tool adopted is to lower the interest rates. In this way, it is less costly for banks and companies to borrow money as the cost of borrowing is lowered. Governments do this with an aim to stimulate investment spending and expansion of businesses. This results in increased employment and economic vitality. The second tool is to increase the money available to households and businesses. In this way, more money will increase employment and stimulate business expansion. Fiscal Policy: In case the expansionary monetary policy is not enough to curb the unemployment effect, various fiscal policies are adopted to fight the high rates of unemployment. Governments can adopt many techniques to do this. They can: Reduce taxes for encouraging households and businesses to spend. Increase government spending to increase employment rates. Provision of unemployment benefits in order to help them with their basic needs. Recruit workers who have the skills to build things like mass transit systems and who have the skills to cater services such as upgrading and repairing complex infrastructures. (Debt.org, n.d.) Inflation is generally termed as the persistent rise in the general price level of good and services. It can be caused due to three main reasons in the U.S: Demand Pull Inflation: This type of inflation is mainly caused when too much demand is chasing too few goods. A progressing economy just like the U.S; can result in inflation as people start consuming more and more. Growing economies like the U.S can face persistent inflation as people spend more and are optimistic about the future. This can trigger economic growth but after a certain time can be dangerous. Fiscal policies that are discretionary in nature can instigates demand-pull inflation. The government does this by increasing their federal spending and decreasing tax rates which in turn causes an up rise in the demand schedule. For instance, Apple Inc. charges high prices for its products. Cost-Push Inflation: Such type of inflation occurs mainly due to high costs chasing prices. It is caused when supply is low. Wage inflation can trigger cost-push inflation as it is instigated by a good formed labor union. Moreover, when natural calamities occur they can also cause such type of inflation as infrastructure is destroyed such as that what happened in Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. For instance, excessive fishing in the U.S causes a reduction in supply for seafood, thus increasing its price. Another reason can also be flexibility of U.S exchange rate that leads to import-push inflation. Money-Supply Inflation: Excess expansion of money supply can also lead to inflation. Money in general means both cash and credit. Whenever U.S households find loan cheap, there will be a lot of money and too few goods thus in return; increasing inflation. Monetary Fiscal Policies in U.S Monetary policy is referred to the deliberate manipulation of national currency which is set by the U.S Federal Reserve. Monetary policy is a tool which is used to control the value of currency; in this case the dollar, in the open market. In the U.S a contractionary monetary policy can be of great use to stabilize the price level and curb the inflation rate. The main aim of the policy is to decrease the level of inflation in the level. The U.S government does this by decreasing government spending or by increasing interest rates. This results in a stable economy. Furthermore; this affects the consumption schedule which equalizes the price level. However, the same policy has many negative side effects to it. Contractionary monetary policy causes production to slow down as it gets tightened over the years. Businesses might shut down their production which reduces the demand of commodities thus creating a recession. In addition to this, unemployment rises as firms hire less workers with less production. (Monetary Policy) On the other hand Fiscal Policy is referred to the adjustment of consuming spending patterns including that of tax. (Explain Fiscal Policy) The main benefits of this policy that it caters is that once implied it immediately takes it role in the economy. Secondly, in case the U.S economy is in recession, a fiscal policy can be implemented to trigger a rise in aggregate demand. Thirdly, it is specific in nature which means that it defines its role in advance. For instance, federal spending on either schools, infrastructure or medical facilities. However, it can have its own cons such as being inflexible. Social and political constraints can cause fiscal policies to lag behind in its implementation period. (Fiscal Policies Pros Cons) Economic Growth Reforms in the U.S Economic growth refers to the amount of prosperity a country enjoys over a period of time. It is an indicator of the growth in the economy. For instance, in the U.S, the economic growth rate is around 2 to 5 percent. As the U.S is a fast paced economy, such rates persist over long periods of time and are seen pretty well. (Economic Growth) Many policies and reforms have been formed to promote economic growth. One such reform is the President Obama Strategy for American Innovation. The main idea of this reform is the provision of a system that caters to ensure that the American economy prospers. Moreover, this reform also has the aim to generate quality jobs, better infrastructure for medical facilities and improved areas for living. (Innovation Strategy, n.d.) Another policy to promote growth is the Economic Development Administration which helps the economy by providing jobs and technical help to those areas where there is an immense need of aid. In such way, employment is created which ensures that there is a stable level of economic growth. (Eco1) Balance of Payments the Exchange Rate of United States The Balance of Payment (BoP) is referred to a numerical and statistical summary of the proceedings that take place within the economy. The proceedings can be either, goods that are tangible, services, income and foreign debt. (Mosbacher, Michael R. Darby, Allan H. Young,, Carol S. Carson) As the current and capital accounts accumulate to result in an aggregate account, both the deficits in the current and capital accounts are compensated with their respective surpluses. In the U.S, a current account deficit when the prices, GNP, interest rates and the exchange rates are high. For instance, in the U.S, if there is an increase in tariffs, there will be less import buying which will result in a current account deficit. However, such changes only occur when other factors contributing towards the Bop reduce the capital account surplus. If this is not the case, there will be a reduction in foreign currencys demand and there will be an appreciation in the dollar value. As a result, the tariff which was initially increased will be offset as exports increase and imports are reduced. In economics, exchange rates are known as the representation of one currency in terms of another. This means that $1 will be values as 8 pesos in Mexico. If there is an appreciation in the value of dollar, there will be an increase in the export prices and a decrease in import prices as foreign goods are now cheaper for the U.S. There is a current account deficit since, the net export function is negative in nature. However, if there is a depreciation in the value of dollar, a vice ver sa situation will occur where import prices rise. Exports become cheaper for foreign consumers which in turn causes the current account deficit to be lessened. (Balance of Payments) (Exchange Rates) Paying off the Foreign Debt – Unites States An economy experiences an equilibrium in its budgets when there federal revenues and spending equal each other. Whenever there is excess of revenues in comparison to spending, there is a surplus and vice versa. Which is why, it is essential for the government to borrow money in order to fill in this deficit in the latter case. Therefore, a federal debt is where money is being lent by foreign countries and that by the public of its own country to facilitate areas where financial assistance is needed. When the Treasury of the U.S government borrows money, the amounts are reported to the federal accounts. Thus, whenever there is a surplus in the trust fund accounts, the U.S Treasury utilizes this surplus to find for various kinds of government spending. Moreover, around a third quarter of the debt is constituted by the federal accounts, whereas, two-third quarters are owned by general masses. (Borrowing and the Federal Debt) Bibliography Balance of Payments. (n.d.). Retrieved from EcoLib.org: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/BalanceofPayments.htm Borrowing and the Federal Debt. (n.d.). Retrieved from NationalPriorities.org: https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/borrowing-and-federal-debt/ Debt.org. (n.d.). Retrieved from Unemployment in the United States: http://www.debt.org/jobs/unemployment/united-states/ Economic Growth. (n.d.). Retrieved from Investopedia.com: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economicgrowthrate.asp Exchange Rates. (n.d.). Retrieved from Colorado.edu: http://www.colorado.edu/economics/courses/econ2020/section12/section12.html Explain Fiscal Policy. (n.d.). Retrieved from Investopedia.com: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/04/051904.asp Fiscal Policies Pros Cons. (n.d.). Retrieved from Yahoo Answers.com: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080202033549AAb3qM Innovation Strategy. (n.d.). Retrieved from Whitehouse.gov: https://www.whitehouse.gov/innovation/strategy Monetary Policy. (n.d.). Retrieved from SmallBusiness.com: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/pros-cons-contractionary-monetary-policy-3871.html Mosbacher, R. A., Michael R. Darby, Allan H. Young,, Carol S. Carson. (n.d.). USA Balance of Payments. Smallbussiness.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from Monetary Policy: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/explain-monetary-policy-1504.html